Exploring Anthropogenic Dark Earth Synthesis from Ancient Soil Wisdom to Modern Microbial Engineering to Restore Climate-Resilient Soil

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities, i.e. burning fossil fuels, biomass, and decomposition of organic matter, release climate pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases into the environment. Furthermore, this study aims to identify various carbon sequestration techniques to mitigate climate change and support soil productivity. Therefore, this qualitative research reviews fifty articles from (2022-26) to reflect the significance of ADE carbon-holding capacity from ancient to modern microbial engineering. Therefore, the findings reveal the Amazonian Dark Earth is a product of pre-Columbian human activities in central Amazonia. It holds an enormous portion of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, and other nutrients. Moreover, it explores the ways biosynthetic engineering can be used to produce Amazonian Dark Earth microbes' carbon-storing capacity in non-native soil to make it climate-change-resilient. It may improve microbial functionality to withstand climate conditions, restore degraded soil for sustainable agriculture, and improve plant growth and health. Hence, engineered micro­organisms have a beneficial impact on agricultural growth and improve degraded soil for sustainable agriculture. However, direct microbial carbon-sequestration capacity, long-term persistence, field stability, native-community interactions and ecological/biosafety risks remain insufficiently validated.