Open Access Organization and Management Review

An analysis of the core paradox of contemporary Pakistani politics, and the gap between charismatic leadership and institutional execution: A Popular Leader, A Weak Team, and Pakistan's Crisis of Leadership

2026-09-03T06:36:41+00:00

This editorial analyzes the structural paradox in Pakistani politics where high individual leader popularity fails to produce effective administrative delivery. Examining Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf’s (PTI) decade-long governance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) alongside broader national trends, the study identifies how personalist party structures, reliance on traditional "electables," and the exclusion of technocratic merit create persistent governance deficits. It argues that Pakistan’s leadership crisis is fundamentally institutional rather than individual. To break the cycle of reformist expectation and administrative stagnation, the paper proposes key systemic reforms, including mandatory intra-party democracy, KPI-based governance frameworks, protected civil service tenures, and constitutionally empowered local governments.

An Organizational and Managerial Perspective of Proactive Defense: Generative AI-Driven Cybersecurity Framework for Securing IoT Networks against Emerging Threats

2026-08-16T08:32:50+00:00

IoT is growing rapidly and has brought many changes to industries, introducing new opportunities and efficiencies. But as the number of devices that are interconnected grows, securing these networks continues to be a burdensome problem. The classic forms of cybersecurity, which are mostly reactive, may not be sufficient to meet the new and advanced cyber threats that are now attacking the IoT systems, including zero-day attacks, botnets, and advanced persistent threats (APTs). This study introduces a new Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based cybersecurity framework that has been developed to proactively deal with these new threats. This framework uses generative AI to model realistic attack traffic specific to IoT networks and then to train powerful anomaly detection models that can identify known and unknown cyber threats. The study aimed to create a GAN-based attack traffic generator that has the potential to model the characteristics of a wide range of IoT-specific attacks, such as zero-day threats and DDoS attacks. The findings indicate that LSTM has the highest average performance in both detection accuracy and false positive rate, particularly with detection of time-series anomalies, whereas Autoencoders is better at detecting new threats and new attacks in general. The fast but with high false positive rate model was the Random Forest model, which was appropriate in low-latency environments. The suggested framework is also useful in the context of IoT cybersecurity, as it provides a preventative defense mechanism that can identify known and unknown threats. This study will establish the next generation of adaptive and resilient IoT security systems that can tackle the dearth of labeled attack data and facilitate real-time detection of cyber threats, as the fight against constantly evolving cyberspace threats continues.

Organizational Culture and Turnover Intention in Private Schools: Does Employee Gender Matter? Evidence from a Multigroup Comparison

2026-08-24T17:49:19+00:00

Turnover can disrupt instructional continuity, raise replacement costs, and weaken school-specific knowledge. This study examined the association between employees’ perceptions of organizational culture and turnover intention in private schools in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLS-SEM was applied to 238 usable responses from a previously collected doctoral survey. After indicator refinement, both reflective constructs met the reported reliability, convergent-validity, and discriminant-validity criteria. Organizational culture was negatively associated with turnover intention (β = −.392, t = 7.162, p < .001, 95% CI [−.511, −.297]), explaining 15.4% of its variance. For the gender-based permutation analysis, partial measurement invariance was established. The OC→TI coefficient was −.405 for male employees and −.422 for female employees; the difference was not significant (p = .889). Thus, H₁ was supported, whereas H₂ was not supported.

From Knowledge and Digital Capability to Sustainable Action: The Mediating Role of Managerial Intention in Hotels’ Sustainable Collaborative Consumption Adoption

2026-09-02T08:50:57+00:00

This study examines how hotel managers’ digital literacy, sustainability knowledge, and environmental values are translated into sustainable collaborative consumption adoption through managerial intention. Drawing primarily on upper echelons theory and behavioral-intention logic, the study analyses a cleaned cross-sectional dataset of 576 hotel owners and managers in Pakistan using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Digital literacy (β = .293, p < .001), sustainability knowledge (β = .205, p < .001), and environmental values (β = .408, p < .001) were positively associated with sustainable collaborative consumption intention. Intention was positively associated with adoption behaviour (β = .375, p < .001). Significant indirect effects were found for digital literacy (β = .110), sustainability knowledge (β = .077), and environmental values (β = .153), while the corresponding direct effects on adoption were non-significant, indicating indirect-only statistical mediation. The findings show that managerial capabilities, knowledge, and environmental commitment become organizationally consequential when converted into an explicit intention to implement collaborative sustainability practices. Hotels and tourism authorities should connect digital training and sustainability education with concrete implementation plans. The cross-sectional, self-reported, single-informant design limits causal inference and may involve common-method and key-informant bias. Longitudinal, multi-source, multilevel, and cross-country studies should test temporal ordering and organizational boundary conditions. The study reframes sustainable collaborative consumption from a predominantly consumer-side phenomenon to a managerial organizational-adoption problem.

The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Healthcare Sector Performance

2026-09-06T05:06:44+00:00

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) encompasses voluntary, extra-role behaviors that extend beyond formal job descriptions. In stressful, patient-centric healthcare environments, OCB dimensions, specifically altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, and courtesy, are fundamental to clinical agility, interprofessional collaboration, and quality healthcare outcomes. This study assesses the role of organizational drivers and the performance impacts of OCB across the healthcare sector in a district in Tamil Nadu, India. Using a stratified cross-sectional design, primary data were collected from 210 healthcare professionals during June- July 2026. The findings showed a strong positive relationship with OCB dimensions, with the highest correlations with conscientiousness (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and Clinic virtue (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Leadership styles significantly influenced OCB engagement levels (Chi-square = 31.82, p = 0.0004), with transformational leadership driving high OCB observations. Job design parameters accounted for 41.2% of the total variance (p < 0.001), Peer & Team Information Exchange (loading 0.86) and Supervisory Feedback (loading 0.82 are the primary catalysts for extra-role behavior. The study found that high-performance workplace systems produce significantly higher overall OCB mean scores compared to standard operational environments.

Exploring Anthropogenic Dark Earth Synthesis from Ancient Soil Wisdom to Modern Microbial Engineering to Restore Climate-Resilient Soil

2026-09-03T06:55:21+00:00

Anthropogenic activities, i.e. burning fossil fuels, biomass, and decomposition of organic matter, release climate pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases into the environment. Furthermore, this study aims to identify various carbon sequestration techniques to mitigate climate change and support soil productivity. Therefore, this qualitative research reviews fifty articles from (2022-26) to reflect the significance of ADE carbon-holding capacity from ancient to modern microbial engineering. Therefore, the findings reveal the Amazonian Dark Earth is a product of pre-Columbian human activities in central Amazonia. It holds an enormous portion of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, and other nutrients. Moreover, it explores the ways biosynthetic engineering can be used to produce Amazonian Dark Earth microbes' carbon-storing capacity in non-native soil to make it climate-change-resilient. It may improve microbial functionality to withstand climate conditions, restore degraded soil for sustainable agriculture, and improve plant growth and health. Hence, engineered microorganisms have a beneficial impact on agricultural growth and improve degraded soil for sustainable agriculture. However, direct microbial carbon-sequestration capacity, long-term persistence, field stability, native-community interactions and ecological/biosafety risks remain insufficiently validated.