Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59644/oaphhar.5(1).289Keywords:
Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV), Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP), Vaccine Acceptance, Typhoid Fever, Cross-Sectional StudyAbstract
Typhoid fever remains a serious public health problem in Pakistan especially with the advent of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Salmonella Typhi. Introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) into the Expanded Programme on Immunization in Pakistan is a historic preventive intervention but its success will depend on the perception and acceptance of the population. The survey was a national cross-sectional web-based survey that was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024 and included the general population of Pakistan. A total of 918 participants were included (mean age: 25.9 ± 9.6 years; 51.0% female). While general knowledge regarding vaccination was high, only 54.2% were aware of TCV and 52.1% knew about government-led TCV campaigns. Most respondents perceived TCV as safe (77.7%) and effective (80.8%), and 91.8% supported mandatory vaccination programs. Booster dose acceptance was high (83.1%). Higher household income was positively associated with booster willingness (aOR = 2.85, p < 0.001), while negative attitudes toward vaccine efficacy significantly reduced acceptance (aOR = 0.20, p = 0.011). Notwithstanding the positive attitude towards the TCV, the gaps in the awareness and the lack of optimal vaccination habits are still present. Different health-educational interventions and communication strategies should be considered to enhance better vaccine coverage and maintain long-term control of typhoid in Pakistan.
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