Open Access Public Health and Health Administration Review

Diabetes in 2025: A Public Health Imperative for Prevention, Management, and Innovation

2025-04-21T08:34:47+00:00

Diabetes mellitus is a global public health crisis, with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimating 537 million adults affected in 2021, projected to reach 783 million by 2045 (IDF, 2021). This editorial synthesizes recent evidence (2021–2025) on diabetes types, their impacts on health and organs, prevention strategies, treatments, potential cures, and the role of physical fitness, urging public health administrators to address systemic inequities and scale innovative solutions. Diabetes’s escalating burden demands urgent action. Public health administrators must scale prevention through community partnerships and technology, ensure equitable access to advanced therapies, and fund cure research. Physical fitness, integral to prevention and management, requires integration into routine care. Critically, addressing SDOH and cost-driven disparities is paramount to reducing diabetes’s global toll. The time for transformative policy is now.

Effect of Diverse Nipping Dates on the Infestation of Helicoverpa Armigera on Chickpea Crops under Arid Climate Conditions of Dera Ismail Khan: A Public Health Perspective

2024-12-28T05:00:00+00:00

This research investigates an alternative management strategy involving different nipping dates in chickpea cultivation to reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides for food legumes. The current study conducted during the 2022-23 that utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD). A total of six treatments, consisting of both nipping and non-nipping methods, were implemented starting December 1, 2022, with subsequent treatments applied at 15-day intervals (December 1, December 15, December 30, January 15, and January 30, 2023). A control group was maintained without nipping, allowing for natural growth, to assess the impact of pod borer infestation. The findings indicate that nipping at earlier dates significantly diminished pest infestations and improved grain yields compared to both later nipping and the control group. However, the study's findings may have limitations due to their dependence on specific environmental conditions and the focus on a single growing season, which could affect broader applicability. This research underscores the advantages of early nipping in enhancing yields and minimizing pesticide usage, contributing to sustainable pest management practices in arid regions. The results advocate for the implementation of early nipping within integrated pest management strategies in similar agro-climatic environments.

An analysis of the Relationship between Stress and Smoking Behavior among the Youth in the Indian Medical Colleges

2023-07-09T13:46:59+00:00

The present study was conducted to check the smoking prevalence among the students. The purpose of the present study was to explore and analyze factors associated with smoking behavior among college students. The main objective of the research was to check the impact of stress on smoking behavior, to check the impact of peer smokers on smoking behavior of youth. To check the impact of attitude toward smoking among college students, to check the correlation between stress and addiction towards smoking, to check that how availability and affordability were playing role in smoking behavior. The present study was conducted in one private college i.e., Deccan Medical College Hyderabad, India. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample from the whole population. Total numbers of respondents were 30. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. In the current study, the data were analyzed using “Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) program.

Determinants of Quality of Nursing Care Using a HealthQual Model and its Impact on Patient’s Satisfaction and Loyalty

2025-02-05T08:19:06+00:00

The healthcare sector is undergoing significant transformations, emphasizing patient-centered care and service quality. Patient satisfaction emerged as a key indicator of healthcare quality, extending beyond clinical outcomes to encompass interactions, facility conditions, and perceived empathy from healthcare providers, ultimately influencing patient loyalty. This study examines the factors affecting patient satisfaction within the HealthQual Model, with a particular focus on nursing care quality. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, 150 inpatients from a private hospital were surveyed through Google Forms. The collected data were analyzed using Smart PLS to evaluate the relationships between these variables. The findings indicate that tangibility, empathy, safety, efficiency, and care improvements significantly impact patient satisfaction. Moreover, a strong positive correlation between patient satisfaction and loyalty was observed, reinforcing the proposed hypotheses. These results suggest that nursing care quality plays a critical role in shaping the overall patient experience and fostering long-term commitment to healthcare providers. This study provides valuable insights into the interplay between nursing care quality, patient satisfaction, and loyalty. The findings have practical implications for healthcare administrators and practitioners, underscoring the need for targeted improvements in nursing services to enhance patient experiences and strengthen relationships with healthcare providers.

Healthcare Quality Enhancement through Implementation of E-Health Records in Saudi Hospitals: An Investigation into the Prospects and Challenges

2025-03-10T07:03:29+00:00

The adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has become a cornerstone in modern healthcare systems worldwide, promising to enhance the quality of care through improved data accessibility, patient safety, and clinical decision-making. In Saudi Arabia, the Vision 2030 initiative has accelerated the digital transformation of the healthcare sector, with EHRs playing a pivotal role. This study aims to investigate the prospects and challenges of healthcare quality enhancement through implementation of e-health records in Saudi hospitals. This research article explores the prospects and challenges of implementing EHRs in Saudi Arabia to enhance the quality of care. The study employed cross-sectional research design, and a structured survey method was applied using a questionnaire that targets key stakeholders in Saudi healthcare institutions. Through overcoming barriers related to privacy, cost, and training, Saudi Arabia can leverage EHRs to significantly improve its healthcare landscape. The study highlights the potential benefits of EHRs, including streamlined workflows, reduced medical errors, and better patient outcomes. However, it also identifies significant challenges such as data privacy concerns, interoperability issues, and resistance to change among healthcare professionals. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology developers to address these challenges and maximize the potential of EHRs in Saudi Arabia.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Healthcare Physicians in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2025-02-26T10:13:26+00:00

Because of the paucity of financial, infrastructural, and human resources in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is crucial to explore the current knowledge gap and pharmacovigilance practice to adequately deploy resources. To determine the knowledge and practices of ADR among HCPs, we distributed pre-defined questionnaire forms among 1500 HCPs representing 11 LMICs between April 2017 and March 2020. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, and frequency and percentages were presented for categorical variables, whereas the comparison of Pakistan and other LMICs was evaluated by performing a χ2 test. P-value 0.05 was taken as the level of significance between responses. Among 1246 (83%) responses, the majority, 846 (68%), had >3 years of work experience and were males, 805 (64%). Total 788 (63%) responders correctly identified the International Conference for Harmonization-ADR definition, 578 (47%) indicated that all type of reactions should be reported, 167 (14%) believed that anyone can report ADR and only 17 (1.4%) correctly indicated that Drug-Drug Interactions, Medication-errors & Drug-Food Interactions can likely cause ADRs. A total of 562 (45%) participants reported at least one ADR during their practice, and 269 (48%) preferred reporting in their institution. The study findings suggested that HCPs from LMICs have relatively better knowledge about ADR than its reporting. The ADR reporting culture can further be improved through training, awareness programs, and by identifying potential barriers to underreporting.

Integrating Mental Health Support in Pharmacy Practice: Assessing the Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Anxiety and Depression Outcomes

2025-04-29T05:33:45+00:00

The increased prevalence of anxiety and depression across the world makes it imperative to ensure that there are readily available and effective treatments in this sphere. Community-based pharmacists are particularly noted for their potential for early-intervention activities in mental health. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of mental health interventions delivered by pharmacists on patient experiences and care concerning anxiety and depression in community pharmacy. A multi-site, quantitative-intervention study was carried out on twelve different pharmacies using 100 adult participants employing self-administered PHQ-9 and GAD-7 instruments. There was also a marked improvement in the depression and anxiety scores, with the two groups recording a PHQ-9 value of 13.2 compared to 8.1 and a GAD-7 value of 12.5 compared to 7.3. These results suggest that there is a benefit to providing mental health services in pharmacies, enhancing primary care where there are deficiencies, and providing easily accessible, non-hospital-based care that might be more effective for those with mental health issues.

Strategies for Coronary Artery Disease Prevention at Ayub Teaching Hospital: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions

2025-05-01T06:23:56+00:00

CAD is still a pressing global health issue and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; its incidence is increasingly observed in developing countries, including Pakistan. The paper aims to explore the CAD prevention plan within ATH, analyzing its successes and failures, barriers, and positives, and future planning to reduce this disease. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to collect data from CAD patients, high-risk individuals, and healthcare providers regarding awareness, preventive practices, medication compliance, and perceived barriers to CAD prevention. The findings show that there is low awareness of CAD, particularly among high-risk groups, failure to follow necessary lifestyle changes, and issues around medication use. Lack of financial resources, low levels of health literacy, and the overall shortage of primary healthcare facilities were identified as the primary challenges affecting prevention. Lack of patient compliance, shortage of resources, and a heavy workload were attributed by most healthcare providers as some of their major challenges in CAD management. However, increased interest was prevalent in community-based prevention programs, telemedicine, and low-cost healthcare services, which point to potential obstacles. Thus, the development of an effective system to fight CAD requires a multi-faceted approach based on the organization of special targeted public health programs, increasing accessibility in healthcare, and utilizing information technologies. Improving primary health care, employing preventive cardiology, and reforming policies will reduce CAD rates in Pakistan in significant ways. The findings of this research are valuable to guide future activities to improve CAD prevention at ATH and to establish national-level policies for cardiovascular disease prevention.