Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among the Local Population of South Waziristan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

In Pakistan, particularly in South Waziristan, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a severe public health concern that is an emergent tropical disease. This investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CL in this area. The research was carried out between October 2024 and December 2024 at the District Headquarters Hospital (DQH) located in South Waziristan, Wana. Microscopic slides stained with Giemsa were prepared from needle aspirates, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Microscopic testing revealed that 440 (55%) of the 800 clinically suspected patients were positive. Among the 440 patients, 242 (55%) were males and 198 (45%) were females. The abrasions began on the face and spread to the upper and lower extremities. The age category of 5–10 years was the most significant, comprising 202 individuals, or 45% of the total population. One lesion impacted 81.32% of the patients, whereas 13.2% exhibited two lesions and 5.6% had three lesions. A significant frequency of CL was seen from April to August, whereas the lowest incidence was recorded from November to December. The research finds that participants have limited understanding of etiology, risk factors, and treatment options related to CL. There is an immediate and pressing need for an increase in awareness and education throughout the population to minimize the burden of the disease and its impact on the economy. An increase in education and awareness is also necessary.