Open Access Education and Leadership Review

Editorial Note from the Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Muhammad Kamran Kundi — 2025-05-26

The rapid and widespread adoption of digital and online learning platforms is arguably the most significant transformation in education since the proliferation of the printing press. Heralded as a great democratizer, this shift promised to break down geographical barriers, personalize instruction, and create a more flexible, accessible educational landscape. As the Editor of this journal, which is dedicated to the free and open exchange of ideas, I have observed a surge in scholarship examining this digital transition. The evidence now compels us to move beyond uncritical techno-optimism and confront a more complex reality: the digital platform, for all its potential, has introduced a suite of profound challenges that threaten to exacerbate the very inequities it promised to solve. The role of educational leaders has never been more critical. We must be architects of an ecosystem that leverages technology as a powerful tool for enhancement, not a cheap substitute for the human core of education. It is our responsibility to ensure that the digital future of learning is not only innovative but also inclusive, engaging, and fundamentally human.

Interns' Experience of Management Support and Supervision in Internship Programs

Jason Philip Bernasol Capacio — 2025-08-26

Internships provide students with valuable opportunities to translate academic knowledge into practical experience. While extensive research exists on internships and student development, there is limited focus on the role of management practices in influencing intern satisfaction and motivation. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to examine how leadership style, communication, autonomy, and work environment shape intern experiences in customer service roles. With the use of a validated questionnaire with open-ended questions, the study explores the significant impact of leadership practices, structured feedback, and autonomy on intern satisfaction and motivation. The analysis, based on the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and the Job-Demand Control (JDC) Model, emphasizes the importance of trust-based supervision and effective communication. The study suggests that incorporating peer feedback, improving logistical support, aligning tasks with career goals, and providing pre- and post-internship training can significantly enhance internship programs and better prepare interns for their careers.

Effect of Ausubel Model of Learning on Academic Achievement in the Subject of Social Studies at Secondary Level

Saira Naz — 2025-08-26

This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Ausubel’s model of learning on academic achievements in the subject of social studies at the secondary level. The objectives of the study were (i) to compare the effect of Ausubel’s learning model and Traditional methods on students’ achievements in the subject of social studies; (ii) to measure the effect of Ausubel’s learning model on the students’ motivation towards learning. A total of 50 students studying at Peshawar Model School District Mardan Campus were randomly selected. A Pre-test, Post-test equivalent group experiential design was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedure was used to analyse the collected data. Statistical techniques such as percentage, mean, and t-test were used to analyse the collected data. The result of the study showed that the Ausubel model of teaching had a significant effect on students’ achievements in the subject of social studies, and had a significant effect on students’ performance, and the learner was motivated towards learning and took an interest in learning. Hence, it is recommended that teachers use the Ausubel model of teaching to teach the Social Studies subject. The education department should arrange teachers’ refresher courses for the Ausubel model of teaching. It is also recommended that teachers adopt the Ausubel model of teaching while teaching at the secondary level. This study is beneficial for students, educational managers, researchers, and curriculum developers.

The Effect of the School Management Committee on Academic and Non-Academic Activities at the Primary School Level in the Tehsil of Attock

Robina Badar — 2025-08-26

Community participation in the planning and management of increased educational opportunities is very necessary to create understanding and cooperation among the local members of the community and school management. In 1994, the Government of Pakistan established the School Management Committee (SMC). The main objectives of the study were (i) to analyze the effect of SMCs on academic activities at the primary school level, (ii) to assess the effect of SMCs on non-academic activities at the primary school level. The population of the study was all the teachers at selected Government primary schools and parents of the students studying in those schools of Tehsil Attock. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Two separate questionnaires for SMC members and teachers were prepared. Data was analyzed by applying the percentage formula. The study was beneficial for the improvement of the schools working with SMC. The analysis of the collected data revealed the following findings. The result of the study showed that the school management committee had a significant effect on the achievement of academic activities and on non-academic activities at the primary school level. The study was conducted with a small sample size; future researchers could expand and include a larger sample to obtain objective results for generalization purposes.