OPEN ACCESS EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP REVIEW

Embracing AI as an Additional Aid in Teaching: Transforming Education for the 21st Century.

Dr. Muhammad Kamran Kundi — 2024-12-31

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has emerged as a pivotal development. While traditional teaching methods have served us well, the incorporation of AI as an additional aid offers unique opportunities to enhance the learning experience, personalize education, and prepare students for a future increasingly driven by technology. In conclusion, the integration of AI as an additional aid in teaching has the potential to revolutionize the educational landscape. By personalizing learning experiences, supporting educators, and enhancing collaboration, AI can significantly improve student outcomes and preparedness for the future. As we move forward, it is essential that we approach this integration thoughtfully, ensuring that the human element of education remains at the forefront. Embracing AI not as a replacement for teachers, but as a powerful ally, will pave the way for a more dynamic, inclusive, and effective educational system in the 21st century.

The Impact of Teaching Methods on Students’ Performance at Secondary School Level at Gujrat City

Nuzhat Saadia Qureshi — 2024-12-31

The main concern in education sector is teaching methods that influence students’ performance. This study examined teaching methods impacts on students’ performance at secondary school level in District Gujrat. The study objectives were to find the distinctive teaching methods used for instruction of science subjects’; to assess students’ perception of the appropriateness of teaching methods; and to work out the amount of relationship between teaching methods and students’ performance. The study applied descriptive analysis designed that incorporate qualitative and quantitative approach. The sample size was 150. The study found that classical methods like lecture are no more effective. The study recommended different areas for more analysis because the same study should be carried in different district before generalization is completed and similar analysis need to be conducted in private schools to know the teaching conditions. Future researchers are required to expand the scope of the study by conducting study in more than one city. They can also use sample with multiple demographic characteristics for example students from the college and university levels. This study contributes to the theory and practice as well it will be helpful for the education department administration and policy maker in planning and resolving such issues.

The Influence of Extrinsic Factors on Subject Selection among Intermediate Students

Shahid Iqbal Khan — 2024-12-31

This research was conducted to assess the extrinsic sources, that affect students’ choices of subjects at the intermediate level regarding the jobs available, repertoire in the society, and further education opportunities. The study was undertaken among first year male and female students from the sciences and arts streams of public and private institutions in District Mianwali. Data was collected using the structured questionnaires and t-tests and Spearman’s rho correlation in the use of SPSS. The study found that extrinsic motivations played a major role in choosing subjects. The factors like, probability of having a job in the future, the need for a job according to the contemporary world, the advancement to the higher level of education, and media play instrumental role in making subject choices by the students. Nevertheless, factors like gender biases, merit limitations, career guidance and constraints of school environment also played a role. According to the findings, the external factors exert a significant influence of the academic options, underlining the need for further enhancement of career counselling, as well as comprehensive supportive measures on the level of the learning establishments and the government. The study was conducted only in district Mianwali of the Punjab province hence results could be applied with limited scope and could not be applied in other areas until in future, researchers repeat it in the other districts and provinces too. The study is an addition to the theory of learning and will be equally beneficial to the government functionaries of the education department in planning and management of the educational policies and strategies.

A Comparative Study of Substance Abusers and Non-Abusers on Peer Pressure, Tendency to Risk Taking Behavior and Anxiety

Kainat Umar — 2024-12-31

The objective of this study is to examine interpersonal relationships, tendency to risk-taking behavior, and anxiety among substance abusers and non-abusers. A cross-sectional research design was used, and the study was conducted on young adults/ students living and studying in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from September 2019 to December 2019. A convenient and snowball sampling technique was used for data collection from community sample young adults (n = 138; age range from 17-35 years). Self-report measures that are Zung self-rating anxiety scale, Susceptibility to peer pressure self-esteem and health locus of control, and risk-taking questionnaire were used for the data collection. Participants were categorized as substance abusers and non-abusers through independent sample t-tests. A Bivariate Pearson correlation was also calculated. Risk-taking behavior and peer pressure are positively correlated with each other. Anxiety and Risk-taking have negatively correlated to each other. Anxiety affects both abusers and non-abusers equally. Substance abusers scored high on peer pressure and risk-taking behavior as compared to non-abusers. Females are more susceptible to peer pressure as compared to males irrespective of drug intake. Substance abuse has little to do with anxiety. The study was conducted only in Islamabad and Rawalpindi regions where respondents were only young adults/ students, yet, in the future, researchers could use a large sample size and could conduct the study in more than two regions. They could also expand it to the whole country and might include older citizens too to get verifiable facts generalize the results.

Relationship of Principals’ Growth Mindset on the Performance and Motivation of Secondary School Teachers

Faheem Khan — 2024-12-31

The current research paper focuses on the relationship of principals’ growth mindset on the performance and motivation of secondary school teachers. Survey research design was used. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of principals’ growth mindset on the secondary school teachers’ performance and motivation. Principals were not included in the study as a sample, which was one of the limitations of the study. A sample of 234 SSTs was selected out of 566 through the stratified sampling method. Gender provided the base for stratification. Researchers used the Growth Mindset Scale (GMS), Teachers’ Motivation Scale (TMS) and Teachers’ Performance Scale (TPS) for data collection. Content validity of the instrument was completed by using the content Validity Index (CVI) whereas Cronbach’s Alpha was used to assess the reliability of the research tool. Pearson Product correlation and linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. The study concluded that principals growth mindset has a significant impact on the performance and motivation of SSTs. The study recommended that the government may conduct workshops regarding the developing growth mindset of principals so they can effectively work in their schools. The study has theoretical implications that principals who work with a growth mindset play a vital role in boosting teachers’ motivation and their performance. This study contributes theoretical and practical knowledge to support the inclusion of mindset theory.

The Effect of Formative Assessment on Student’s Achievement in Secondary Grades in Private Schools of Pakistan

Faiqa Asim — 2024-12-31

The study aimed to investigate the effect of formative assessment on student achievement in secondary grades in private schools in Pakistan. The action research dissects the effect of formative assessment on student’s achievement in secondary classrooms. This study attempts to investigate which strategies in formative assessment would result in improved student achievement and if they do influence learners as claimed by the literature. Formative strategies such as exit tickets, class discussions, pair work, group presentations, and peer evaluation are extensively discussed. The research approach chosen was a qualitative study. The design chosen was action research because in this research an educational problem was being addressed. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The characteristics of the individuals would be students of secondary grades between the age of 12-15. Both genders are included. The individuals would be students studying in a private school. The subjects chosen were English, Social Studies, and Islamiyat. This study found that several formative assessment strategies such as discussions, group presentations, and peer evaluation increased student engagement, and willingness and displayed their understanding of the content which in turn reflected their ability to perform well when evaluated. The study was qualitative, yet in the future, researchers could go a step ahead and conduct a quantitative study. Likewise, it was conducted in one metropolitan city of Karachi therefore, its results could not apply in the rural areas, future researcher needs to include the rural population for generalizability of the result.

Motives Influencing Subject of Students at Intermediate Level in Private Schools

Rashidah Noor — 2024-12-31

The present research aimed at establishing the internal antecedent affecting course choices by intermediate students, self-generated forces that included interest, ability, curiosity, and joy. The sample consist of first year science and arts students from male and female, both private and public sector university students in district Mianwali. Questionnaire was used to administer the data and later the data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. Research indicated that extrinsic motivators, including subject interest, choice, learning capacity, and desire influenced subject selection. Most students were inclined by their abilities and interests as they selected their courses. However, there are other more basic aspects such as fun and interest, which were scarcely noticed; this is because students highly valued match of their academic courses to their skills instead of fun or interest in the course content. This outlines an omission in students’ utilization of intrinsic factors; therefore, there is a need to increase the focus on using curiosity and enjoyment within educational decision making. The study is conducted with small sample size due to several research constraints. In future, studies could be conducted with larger sample size including adding more variables for wide demographic coverage to obtain the verifiable result to be generalized to capture greater understanding on the issue.